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QUANTCRETE RADIATION SHIELDING SYSTEMS

Radiation shielding simply means having some material between the source of radiation and you (or some device) that will absorb the radiation. Radiation shielding is very crucial for the protection of personnel in nuclear power plants, medical centres and the environment, from the harmful effects of ionising radiation. 

Of the various forms of radiation known to man, ​neutrons ​are considered to be the most severe and dangerous radiation to the body. This is due to their high kinetic energy and because they are uncharged, neutrons are more penetrating than ​alpha, ​beta radiation​ and in some cases, even more penetrating than ​gamma radiation. In nuclear power plants, the central problem is to shield against gamma rays and neutrons. 

Fast neutrons create structural defects, which result in the embrittlement of material of pressure vessel in nuclear power plants. The ​neutron absorption reaction is hence the most important type of reaction that takes place in a nuclear reactor. 

BENEFITS  OF  NANOTECHNOLOGY

Scientific studies unanimously show, that radiation shielding with nanoparticles is much more effective than with micro-particles. As the nanoparticle size decreases, its radiation shielding capacity becomes significantly enhanced. When superfine (<< 20 nm) nanoparticles are infused in a grout or (micro)cement prior to coating on a surface, a layer as thin as 1 µm, is sufficient to shield thermal neutrons.

Pores in cement/concrete without nanoparticles decrease the mechanical strength, density, as well as the ability of cement/concrete to attenuate radiation. When the pores in cement/concrete are filled with NANOARC's superfine nanoparticles with sizes well below those of  harmless pores ( < 20 nm) the mechanical strength, density and radiation attenuation capacity of the cement/concrete system increases substantially. With the cement/concrete mixture performance maximised by virtue of such radiation-attenuating nanoparticles (< 20 nm), it achieves enhanced radiation shielding goals simultaneously with a higher heat and embrittlement resistance.

UNDERSTANDING RADON:

Radon (Rn) is a radioactive, odourless, colourless, tasteless noble gas.  Rn is a contaminant, that affects indoor air quality, worldwide. According to EPA policy-oriented estimates, Rn is the number one cause of lung cancer, among non-smokers.

Rn enters a building most often directly through the soil at the lowest level of the construct that is in contact with the ground. This typical occurs through cracks in solid foundations and walls, construction joints, gaps in suspended floors, cavities within walls and around service pipes.

DIMENSION-BASED SOLUTION

Radioactive radon particles vary in size. 

• When attached to an aerosol,  radon particles range in size from 50-300 nm  (0.05 - 0.3 μm)

• Unattached radon particles range from  3 - 5 nm (0.003 - 0.005 μm)

HOW TO USE QUANTCRETE IN RADON MITIGATION/MINIMISATION EFFORTS

To minimise the penetration of Rn into buildings, QuantCrete is hence offered to substantially lower porosity, air permeability and mitigate of crack formation in concrete and mortar. QuantCrete nanoparticles are of the same size range as unattached radon particles.

As such QuantCrete nanoparticles used to densify concrete and can form a dense structure therein, acting as a physical as well as chemical barrier, to prevent the diffusion of Radon, through a basement concrete floor.

To achieve this, the QuantCrete nanopowder can be used as an integral ingredient in the manufacture of precast slabs and foundation concrete or, mixed with a liquid cement and injected within particularly hard to visualise and detect sub-micron and nanoscopic pores, cracks & cavities that cement particles can not reach or penetrate, in order to create a denser seal, that minimises the likelihood of Rn gas infiltrating the building, via its ground level and sub-terrain/basement walls.

This nanotechnology-based approach offers a durable, sustainable, long term mitigation effort, to prevent Rn gas from entering the building through the underlying soil.